2008届高三英语语法专题复习——非谓语动词
非谓语动词有三种形式:动词不定式、分词、动名词 一、动词不定式 【要点点拨】动词不定式表现为两种形式:to do 或 do,在句中可作:
非谓语动词有三种形式:动词不定式、分词、动名词
一、动词不定式
【要点点拨】动词不定式表现为两种形式:to do 或 do,在句中可作:
1、主语: To build the bridge needs much money.
一般用 It作形式主语放在句首,把不定式短语放于句末。
It doesnt make any difference whether you go today or tomorrow.
2、表语: Their task is to build a railway in a year.
3、宾语: The child pretended to be sleeping / asleep when I came back home.
注意:当不定式作宾语,其后接补语时,我们常用it 作形式宾语,把不定式宾语放于补语之后。
We think it possible to finish the work in a week.
4、定语:表示一个未发生的动作,放于被修饰的名词之后。
The building to be built will be used as a hospital.
5、状语:1)目的状语:常见形式有:to. / in order to. / so as to.
We got up early in order to catch the first bus.
2)结果状语:常见形式有: too. to / so.as to. / only to.
Would you be so kind as to help me with my English?
He returned home 15 years later, only to find his house burnt down.
6、补语:1)宾补: He asked me to do work with him.
2)主补: She was often heard to sing the song while doing housework.
7、独立结构,在句中作插入语。常用的有:to tell the truth , to be frank , to make things worse
二、分 词:
【要点点拨】分词可分为:现在分词和过去分词两类。
现在分词: 现在分词和现在分词短语在句中可作:
1、定语:单个的现在分词作定语一般放于被修饰的名词前,现在分词短语作定语应放被修饰的名词后,现在分词及现在分词短语作定语时均可以发展为一个定语从句。
The girl reading over there (The girl who was reading over there) soon fell asleep.
2、状语:现在分词作状语可分为:一般式(doing):表示分词动作与谓语动作同时发生;完成式(having done):表示分词动作发生于谓语动作之前。
The old man passed away, leaving a lot of debts unpaid.
Having finished (After he had finished) his exercises, he went to play basketball.
3、补语:现在分词作宾语补语,表示宾语的一个正在进行的动作,用于一些常见句型中:
see / hear / feel / notice / have / catch / leave / set / send. sb. doing sth.
The salesman caught the thief stealing in the shop.
4、表语:现在分词作表语,表示主语的特点,可以看作形容词,是形容词化的现在分词。
The film was very interesting.
5、独立结构:现在分词短语作独立结构时,是固定说法,不以主动、被动去分析。常见的有:generally speaking, judging from/by, considering
Generally speaking, he is quite skillful at playing table tennis.
过去分词:过去分词和过去分词短语在句中可作:
1、定语:单一的过去分词作定语一般放于被修饰的名词前,过去分词短语作定语放于被修饰的名词后,过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以发展为一个定语从句。
The broken window (The window which was broken) will be replaced soon.
The books bought yesterday ( which were bought yesterday) are of high quality.
过去分词短语作定语有三种时态:done.:表示动作已发生;to be done:表示动作将要发生;being done:表示动作正在发生。对比以下三句:(责任编辑:www.360gaokao.com)
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