词义推断题的解题技巧（上）
词句推断题是高考阅读理解试题中的一种常见题型，旨在考查考生在不使用词典的情况根据材料背景和上下文等线索推测词、句的确切含
词句推断题是高考阅读理解试题中的一种常见题型，旨在考查考生在不使用词典的情况根据材料背景和上下文等线索推测词、句的确切含义的能力。这类试题包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测、以及对it/they/them等代词的确指对象的判断等。这类试题的设问方式主要有：
(1)What does the underlined word them/it refer to?
(2)In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).
(3)according to the passage,... probably means
(4)The author uses the word... to mean.
(5)The underlined phrase punch linemost probably means______.
(6)The underlined word one could best be replaced by ______.
(7)What does garden in the last two paragraphs stand for?
(8)But we stuck it(in paragraph 3) means ______.
(9) Professional work as used in the text means ______.
(10)What does the author mean when he says, we cant turn the clock back?
(11)Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word baffle as it is used in the text?
(12)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？
下面再结合全国高考阅读试题中的实例来说明做推测词义题的几种基本的技巧。
1. 据词或词组的指代对象确定其词义。如：
Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes. It was seeing people with snake bites that led me to this career, he said
Which of the following words can take the place of the word career in the first paragraph?
A. conclusion B. story C. incident D. job
这道题实际上要读者推测career的词义。根据this的基本用法(this可以指代前文提到过的事情)，我们知道this career指的是Shu Pulong has helped at least 1000 people bitten by snakes这句话所表示的意思。显然，help people bitten by snake是Shu Pulong作为一名蛇医的工作职责。四个选项中只有job符合这句话的意思，因此D选项是可以考虑的选项。
又如：Some stage schools give their children too much professional work at such a young age
Professional work as used in the text means______.
A. ordinary school work B. moneymaking performances
C. stage training at school D. acting, singing or dancing after class
professional work指的是与一个人所从事的专业或职业相关的工作，在不同的行业，专业工作或职业工作(professional work)有不同的含义。对一个戏剧学校来说，它的专业工作或职业工作自然是戏剧理论方面的学习或舞台训练，因此，C选项符合文意，是正确答案。
2. 运用生活常识或经验进行推理判断。如：
Apple trees may grow as tall as twelve metres. They do best in areas that have very cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree.
The word yielded in the last sentence means ______.
A. improved B. increased C. produced D. sold
把四个选项分别取代文段中的yielded，我们可以得出以下分析：improve fruit是改进苹果(质量)的意思，既然冬季有利于苹果树(的营养生长)，自然就有利于苹果质量的改进，这是符合常识的，因此，A选项是错误的；可以说increase the output(产量) of fruit，但不可以说increase the fruit，也就是说increase不能与fruit构成动宾关系，因此B选项是错误的；冬天没有苹果买不符合常识，所以，D选项也是错误的；冬天不产苹果是符合常识的，亦符合原文的意思，因此，C是正确的。(责任编辑：www.360gaokao.com)
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