高三英语被动语态的基本用法(2)
4. 短语V的被动语态 一般来讲，只有及物V才有被动语态，因为只有vt才能有动作的承受者; 但有许多由不及物动词 介词及其他词类构成的短语动词，相当与及物动词，可以有宾语。因而可以有被动语态，但应注意短语V是一
4. 短语V的被动语态
一般来讲，只有及物V才有被动语态，因为只有vt才能有动作的承受者; 但有许多由不及物动词 介词及其他词类构成的短语动词，相当与及物动词，可以有宾语。因而可以有被动语态，但应注意短语V是一个不可分割的整体。变被动时，不可丢掉构成短语的prep或adv.这样的短语有：
look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to, make ues of,etc.
如：They had put out the fire before the fire--brigade arrived.
The fire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived.
They will set up a new public school here.
A new public school will be set up here.
5. 有些动词用主动形式表被动含义。.
如：The goods sells well. The door can't open.
6.有些词如want,need,require和 be worth后面，v-ing形式为主动，意义为被动。
如：The room needs/wants/requires cleaning.
The book is worth reading.
7.主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使用形式替代词it.
如：We know that Britain is an island country.
It's known that Britain is an island country.
The teacher said that this book has been translated into several languages
It's said that this book has been franslated into several languages
8. 宾语为反身代词，相互代词及虚词it时，不用被动，只用主动。
如：I will do it myself. The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang.
9. 谓语动词是以下时，无被动。
happen, belong to, suit, fit(适合), have, let, join, fall, last（延长）,cost（花费）
break out（爆发）appear, burst out(迸发)，hold(容纳)，lack（缺乏），agree with（同意）.
10. 据说类动词：
say,consider, think, report, know, believe, suggest, understand, hope, etc.
如：It is said that… There is said to be… Sth./Sb. is said to…
11.主动形式表被动
① 感官动词：sound,taste,smell,fell,look,seem等主语是物时；
② 一些vi主动形式表被动含义
open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, clean, lock, sell, wear, cut, cook, eat, weigh, drink, pay, draw, etc.
③不定式to blame,to let（出租）作表语时，主动形式表被动含义
④表（sth）需要的need ,want,require等后的动名词用主动形式表被动含义
⑤be worth后的动名词主动形式表被动含义
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