做高考英语阅读理解的实用技巧(2)
Most seaweed is red and brown in color. (seaweed由sea与weed合成，意为海草) Invariably the background was the same. (invariably由in vary able ly 构成，意为不可改变地) Youll be punished if you desert r
Most seaweed is red and brown in color. (seaweed由sea与weed合成，意为海草)
Invariably the background was the same. (invariably由in vary able ly 构成，意为不可改变地)
Youll be punished if you desert rubbish everywhere. (desert 由名词 desert 转化而成，意为丢弃)
② 根据上下文的语境猜测词义：我们可利用定义、解释、重述、用途、同义词、反义词、同义结构、反义结构及逻辑关系来猜测单词。
Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds. (由 devour 与后面动词 kill的并列结构得知 devour 意为毁坏)
Wood and skins have easily rotted away, but stone doesnt decay. (根据 but 的反义结构可知 decay 意为腐烂)
③ 根据常识猜测词义：我们可根据所学的知识及生活经验来猜测单词。
His name was Napoleon Bonaparte, and he finally became Emperor of France. (由常识拿破仑是法国的皇帝可知 Emperor 意为皇帝)
Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport. (由句子的意义可看出 alpinist 意为把登山作为体育运动的人)
(2) 分析理解长而难的句子：英语文章中，有时为了使表达准确、语言严谨，往往采用插入语、分隔结构、倒装结构、同位结构、省略结构、分词结构及 it 的句型再加上并列复合句、主从复合句，使句子很长而结构纷繁复杂，给阅读理解带来了很大的困难。然而，考生们不要慌张，对于这类句子应从句子的层次入手，先抓主句的主干，即：主、谓、宾、补、状，再理清其枝叶，即从句及其他修饰成分。如：
It is animals and plants that lived in or near water whose remains are most likely to be preserved, for one of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial, and it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes, where mud and silt(淤泥) have been continuously deposited(沉积), that bodies and the like can be rapidly covered over and preserved.
这个句子是由 and 连接两个强调句型的并列句。第 1 个并列句子的主句为：It is animals and plants that lived in or near water，它的后面带了一个原因状语从句：for one of the necessary conditions of preservation is quick burial，而句子中whose所引导的句子是一个定语从句，隔位修饰前面的animals and plants 而不是 water；第 2 个并列句子的主句为：it is only in the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes that bodies and the like can be rapidly covered over and preserved，而 where 所引导的句子为定语从句，对前面的the seas and rivers, and sometimes lakes 进行修饰。
通过上面的分析，这个长而复杂的句子也就不难理解：那些它们的尸体很可能被保存起来的动物和植物正是生活在水边或水里，因为，被保存的一个必要条件就是被迅速掩埋；也只有在海里或河里，有时在湖里，这些地方由于泥沙不停地沉积，尸体及此类东西才很快被掩埋，从而得到保存。
(3) 消除英美文化障碍：虽然，对英美文化的了解是一个长时间的积累过程，但是，对于具体的文化障碍，我们可以从上下文的语境中去理解，或通过中西方文化的比较或用生活的常识加以分析理解。如：
These days, it is differences in national regulations, far more than tariffs that put sand in the wheels of trade between rich countries. (大家知道，自行车轮胎若粘满了泥沙，车就不能前进，那么，put sand in the wheels of trade 就意味着阻碍贸易的进行)(责任编辑：www.360gaokao.com)
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